Cahiers Magellan-NS "Cahiers Magellan-NS is a comprehensive research journal that spans diverse disciplines including endocrinology, surgery, oncology, medical research, clinical trials, and diagnostics and treatment of gland-related disorders. It explores various aspects of gland diseases, surgical techniques, biomarkers, imaging technologies, pathology, and biological mechanisms. The journal also delves into interventional radiology, applications of medical and drug treatments, management practices, financial implications, travel impacts, technological innovations, engineering solutions, societal influences, and environmental considerations. By encompassing such wide-ranging topics, Cahiers Magellan-NS serves as a pivotal platform for advancing interdisciplinary knowledge and fostering innovation in medical, scientific, and societal contexts."
TRANSMISSION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF BRUCELLOSIS IN COMMUNITY MEDICINE
One of the objectives of this study is to determine the extent of rapid spread of Malta fever in three specific regions that are consistently susceptible to the spread of this disease .The current study included 100 male and 100 female patients, ranging in age from 10 to 60 years. The Bengal Rose test, used to diagnose Brucella spp. infection (the actual cause of Malta fever), was performed using a standard test kit from a reputable German company. The diagnosis relied on the aggregation of antigens and antibodies produced in the patient's blood due to infection. The results of the tests showed an increase in the number of infections during the study period compared to previous years. The study also revealed a clear and significant difference in the infection rate among females, which was higher than that of males. The 20-40 age group recorded the highest percentage of infections. Compared to other age groups, the study showed a significantly higher incidence of the disease in non-urban areas compared to urban areas. Health awareness and a healthy lifestyle play a crucial role in preventing this disease
Brucellosis, community medicine, , Transmission, diagnosis.
Copyright (c) 2026 CAHIERS MAGELLANES-NS
FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND IDEAL IMPLEMENTATION METHODS
Objectives include improving cash flow and liquidity, controlling expenditure tracking, and auditing tax compliance. Periodic quarterly or annual audits and reviews are cornerstones of financial accounting in all its newly developed branches. This study is exceptionally important due to its reliance on advanced systems that keep pace with scientific and technological development. Regularly updating accounting systems and practices to keep up with regulatory changes and new requirements is essential. Financial accounting is one of the oldest branches of accounting, from which all other branches of accounting stem. This study focuses on fundamental priorities and sound principles. Financial accounting focuses on the analysis, recording, and classification of all aspects of financial transactions within an organization. and other organizations, in addition to preparing financial statements in accordance with approved accounting standards and in a manner consistent with accounting principles in general, this research addresses financial reports and their role in providing financial information about the organization's performance. It discusses the differences between financial and managerial accounting. The research examines the importance of the basic financial statements upon which financial accounting is based, which are primarily based on three fundamental pillars: the balance sheet, the income statement, and the cash flow statement. The research also discusses ways to establish an accounting system as a strategic step that includes important fundamentals and solid, stable foundations.
Fundamentals, financial, accounting, implementation, managerial.
Suaad Abdulfattah Mohamed Al-Bairooti, Taha Khalid Abrahim Al-Abbo, Hanaa Abdulrazzaq Jiyad
Copyright (c) 2025 CAHIERS MAGELLANES-NS
ECHO PLANAR WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PRODUCTION
Planar MRI was initially proposed as a technology to reduce an MRI scan to a single image (a snapshot), just like conventional radiography. This vision naturally sparked widespread speculation and the clinical impact of an MRI scanner equitation with planar MRI. From completing an entire MRI scan in seconds to expanding the scope of MRI applications into areas previously occupied by many modalities, the anticipated electromagnetic potential energy of planar MRI was truly enormous. However, the technological challenge associated as the developments of planar MRI with respect to a clinical tools were only recently grow. The two manners using in this research, first the Turbo Spin Echo(TSE)and the second is Fast Spin Echo(FSE) for Compartions to get the real approach for the final results.
nuclear magnetic, resonance, radiography, physical, modification.
THE WEAPONIZATION OF WORDS: CALUMNIOUS UTTERANCES IN JOHNNY DEPP AND AMBER HEARD'S TRIAL SPEECHES FROM A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE
This study approaches calumnious utterances from a pragmatic perspective, focusing on its use in the highly publicized legal case between Johnny Depp and Amber Heard. The trial, rich in media coverage and public scrutiny, presents a compelling context to examine how language can be used as a weapon in legal and interpersonal conflicts. Despite its relevance, the concept of calumny has received limited academic attention, particularly in the field of pragmatics. To address this research gap, the study investigates the pragmatic mechanisms behind calumnious speech by analysing selected utterances from the trial discourse. To support this investigation, the study includes a review of literature relevant to calumny and its related concepts, such as misrepresentation and reputational damage. This theoretical framework helps clarify how such speech acts operate within broader communicative and social structures. In conclusion, this research aims to deepen the understanding of calumny as a communicative concept, emphasizing its role in shaping public narratives, influencing legal outcomes, and revealing how language can be used to manipulate, accuse, and harm in high-stakes contexts
calumnious utterances , false accusations, pragmatics, Johnny Depp, Amber Heard
Hussein Hadi Muazhim*1 , & Nesaem Mehdi Al-Aadili1
RENAL CYSTS DIAGNOSIS WITH APPLICATIONS OF CT
This research included a clinical study of patients of different ages within selected ranges and different ages, gender, drug use and smoking, and in the form of multiple groups. Distribution of the studied sample according to the testing device, cyst type, cyst location, and cyst shape. Distribution of the studied sample according to kidney dimensions, kidney width, texture, and volume, and study of normal and abnormal kidneys. Statistical analyses and additional computer applications were used to infer the variance of the studied cases, which may be studied later. The cysts, particularly in differentiating them from solid renal tumors and other cystic lesions. It is a highly accurate technique for characterizing renal masses seen on urograms and is often useful in differentiating benign cysts from tumors, including cystic renal cell carcinoma.
CT. abdominal masses ,US imaging, renal cyst, application
EFFICIENT IN VITRO REGENERATION OF PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN) USING DIFFERENT EXPLANTS
ICPL87 pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) was developed by pedigree selection from the cross ICPX73052 (T21 X JA277), made in 1973. In the present study, more than 50% of the variants showed gains of13.6 to 21.8% in their seed size. The largest seeds (13.3 g/100 seeds) were produced by ‘ICPL 99073’. This line also produced high seed yield (2226 kg/ha). Since small seed size is dominant over large seeds, the observed variation for large seeds could be the result of specific mutational events occurring from dominant to recessive form of alleles. The most common seed coat color in pigeon pea is brown, and it is dominant over white seed. Only one or two recessive genes are known to control the expression of white seed. In the present study, 8 (out of the 15 lines evaluated) recorded a change in seed colour from brown to white, emphasizing a change that was induced through point mutations from dominant to recessive form of alleles. It is evident that the dominant genes, governing brown coat colour are prone to such mutagenic forces. Also reported the presence of white seeded mutants in some of the R2 explants.
AI-GENERATED AND HUMAN-GENERATED IMAGES IN DIGITAL ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS TO EXAMINE USER ENGAGEMENT AND PERCEPTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Artificial intelligence-generated images are increasingly common in digital advertising, complementing conventional human-created content. This study analyses the extent of user engagement and perception of artificial intelligence-generated photos on social media platforms compared to human-generated images. This research project investigated the use of netnography and social media data to analyse customer engagement and interactions with diverse images employed in advertising campaigns. Data were collected from several internet advertising campaigns by multiple firms, and qualitative research was conducted to analyse the underlying user attitudes. The study's findings offer substantial insights into the effectiveness of images generated by artificial intelligence, the ethical implications of these graphics, and their influence on user engagement within the advertising industry.
artificial intelligence, humans generated images, digital marketing, social media analytics, user engagement, netnography, and online advertising.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICACY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-GENERATED VERSUS HUMAN-GENERATED IMAGES IN DIGITAL ADVERTISING
In the growing field of online advertising, visual content selection is of great relevance since it directly affects the capacity to draw user attention and induce interaction. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has resulted in the increasing use of AI-generated images for ads together with traditional human-generated images. This paper aims to assess, in the framework of online advertising, especially on Google Ads, the efficiency of AI-generated images against human-generated ones. This study investigates the impact of both picture forms by means of variable analysis including click-through rates (CTR), conversion rates, and user interaction. Content data analysis and in-depth interviews form a qualitative method used to examine user preferences and impressions. According to research, human-generated visuals have more emotional effect and authenticity even if artificial intelligence-generated graphics have the freedom to be scaled and customised. The current work investigates the ethical consequences connected to AI-generated images and offers reasonable advice for advertisers.
AI-generated images, human-generated images, online advertising, user engagement, click-through rates, visual content effectiveness, advertising ethics
AI IMPLEMENTATION IN EDUCATIONAL THINKING A BETRAYAL TO GOD-GIVEN MENTAL CAPACITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into modern education has sparked significant debate across philosophical, ethical, theological, and practical domains. While some view AI as a threat to human cognition and a potential betrayal of divine endowment, others argue that AI enhances educational equity, personalizes learning, and expands cognitive potential. This paper critically explores the multifaceted impact of AI on education, particularly its implications for spiritual and intellectual development. It examines how AI affects traditional pedagogical values, the teacher’s role, and the human capacity for ethical reasoning and creativity. Through philosophical inquiry, real-world case studies, and theological reflection, the study argues that AI, when used responsibly and ethically, serves not as a replacement but as an extension of God-given intellect. Educators must remain central, serving as moral and spiritual guides in a technologically enhanced learning environment.
Artificial Intelligence, education, ethics, spirituality, human cognition, moral development, theology, teacher’s role, personalized learning
Prof. (Dr) Sudhir Rawat, Dr. Anjana Vashishtha Rawat
STUDIES ON THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF BUTTERFLY FAUNA IN AND AROUND KASTURIBA GANDHI BALIKA VIDHYALAYA(KGBV) CAMPUS KOTHAGUDA ,MAHABUBABAD DISTRICT,TELANGANA,INDIA
Butterfly fauna is one of the most attractive and colorful insect in the world. The present study was carried out to understand the butterfly diversity in Kasturiba Gandhi Balikala Vidhyalaya (KGBV) School Complex Polaram Village, Kothaguda Mondal, Mahabubabad District Telangana State India from June 2024 to November 2024.A total of 23 species of butterflies belonging to 14 genera and four families were recorded from the present study. The observed butterflies family Pieridae was the most dominant among four families with(10)species(7) genera followed by Nymphalidae(10) species (4)genera Papilionidae(2) species( 2) genera and Lycaenidae(1) species (1) genera. Among 23 species 2 species were found to be protected under the India Wildlife (Protection) Act,(1972).
Diversity, Fauna, Kasturiba Gandhi Balikala Vidyalaya, Protectection
EMOTIONAL FLEXIBILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HISTORY DEPARTMENT STUDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHING METHODS
Statistics between the average scores of students in the emotional flexibility test at a significance level of (0.05) and the average scores of students in the students’ achievement in emotional flexibility. There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of students on the emotional flexibility scale at a significance level of (0.05) in the gender variable. The research sample consisted of (92) male and female students from the College of Basic Education, History Department. The sample was chosen intentionally to achieve the research objectives, a resilience scale was constructed consisting of (24) multiple-choice optional items. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS). The following results were reached: Students with good achievement enjoy good and high emotional resilience because they aspire to effective participation with their teachers and colleagues. Males enjoy greater freedom than females because they are more liberated than females. This is due to the customs and traditions that prevail in our local Iraqi society. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, including: There is a direct relationship between emotional resilience and students’ academic achievement. The researcher suggested conducting a descriptive study to determine the emotional resilience of teachers. She also recommended: Benefiting instructors in the scientific and educational specialization from the emotional resilience scale and its impact on student achievement.
(Emotional resilience – achievement, Emotional resilience- achievement).
Aliaa Jawad Kadhim, Marwa Mohammed, Jouda Zina Salih Mahdi al-mamoori
A Rare Complication of Dengue Fever: Posterior Duodenal Perforation Leading to Peritonitis
Dengue fever is a common infection in tropical and subtropical locations, characterized by fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, and bleeding signs. This was the case of a 52-year-old male patient who arrived to the emergency department with a 3-day history of high fever and abdominal pain. He had tested positive for the Dengue NS-1 antigen the day before admission. Upon examination, the patient showed disorientation, unstable hemodynamics, and a hard abdomen.An abdominal X-ray revealed pneumoperitoneum, which indicates the presence of air in the abdominal cavity and necessitates an emergency laparotomy. During the surgery, a posterior duodenal perforation and widespread peritonitis were detected. The perforation was closed by a modified Graham's patch technique, followed by omental patching and a gastro-jejunostomy with pylorus exclusion. Unfortunately, despite medical treatment, the patient died on the third day of stay.If such consequences are not detected and treated immediately, they might be fatal.
Dengue fever complicated by perforation of the posterior duodenum and resulting peritonitis
Leena Ahmed, Reda Sherif, Mostafa eisa, khaled Aldebese, Mostafa gooda, Muhammad Javid Bhutta, Elhaytham elhussien, Mohamed H. Badawy
IMPACT OF BRAND LOYALTY ON CONSUMERS' BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN THE DAIRY PRODUCTS MARKET
Purpose The purpose of the study is to identify the brand loyalty factors that influences buying behaviour of consumers towards dairy products, to understand the relationship between brand loyalty and consumer buying behaviour. Methodology A sample size of 604 respondents from the Gujarat & other states were selected for the ongoing study in order to participate in the evaluation process using SPSS. But in order to use a Google form for the survey, a random sampling was carried out using social media networks with members spread throughout India. Findings The role of cultural and regional influences on brand loyalty is covered in the literature review. In order to provide a quantifiable representation of their opinions, respondents were asked to assess their settlement on a Likert scale. Research limitations The research is limited to only quantitative analysis, perhaps no qualitive analysis has been conducted in the paper. According to the research, satisfied clients are more devoted to a given brand than are potential new clients. Originality Businesses tailor their strategies to resonate with consumers' cultural sensibilities by understanding how these cultural factors relate to brand loyalty. Even though there may have been a lot of research done in the past on how consumers purchase dairy products, there are still some elements that are missing, and marketers are still working to figure out what these missing elements are.
UNRAVELING THE CAUSE OF DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (DID) THROUGH REGRESSION
Regression means getting into the story. Regression Therapy derives its name from its method i.e. recovering and reliving past experiences cathartically. In the context of a person’s present lifetime, this work is called Inner Child work. With associative re-living, associative catharsis happens and the physical body validates the experience because thoughts can be disputed but not the bodily experiences. Then the awareness comes to the client followed by understanding of the root cause of the presenting problem (here we may safely say that ‘diagnosis’ is realised after the therapy!). The aim of the current case study was to explore the underlying causes of "blacking out" episodes triggered by emotional stress especially because the client reported of having gaps in her memory. Regression method was used with help of emotional and somatic bridges. The regression unraveled the split of personality (DID) which was being used as a defense to deal with the stress. While taking case history and exploring her sub conscious mind dissociative symptoms had been observed but the understanding and clarity to the client is important. The client, a 24-year-old female, was in class 3 when she blacked out for the first time because of the ongoing fight between her parents and this became her way of dealing with stressful situations till it was discovered (at current age). Self-help techniques were taught to rewire the brain and to address the body memory. Mind is very powerful and works in many ways for survival, one of them being dissociation. The study highlights the efficacy of regression therapy in solving the mysteries of the mind.
Dissociation, DID, Stress, Defense, self- help techniques
AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF ORAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AND PERIODONTAL HEALTH AMONG ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS
Introduction: Maintaining good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment, particularly with fixed orthodontic applience can be a challenge for most patients. Such appliances often create physical barriers that make it difficult to remove plaque effectively, which can lead to increased plaque buildup and a higher risk of periodontal diseases. Past studies have shown a clear link between orthodontic treatment and various periodontal issues, highlighting the need for diligent oral care during treatment. Objectives: This study aims to understand how much orthodontic patients in the western province of Saudi Arabia know about oral hygiene and periodontal health. We want to see if there are differences in awareness and knowledge based on factors like age, gender, and how long the patients have had their braces. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was used to gather data from orthodontic patients. The participants were divided into two age groups: those under 18 and those 18 and older. Also observing the duration of wearing orthodontic applience, grouping them into those who had braces for less than six months and those who had them for more than six months. The questionnaire covered demographics, knowledge of periodontal disease, awareness of periodontal health, and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment. We used a structured scoring system to evaluate the responses and analyzed the data with SPSS software. This study was evaluating the awareness and knowledge of oral hygiene protocols and periodontal health among 406 orthodontic patients. The average participant age was 28, with a notable 67.5% being female and a majority holding a bachelor's degree. While 92.9% brushed daily, only 41.6% accurately identified dental plaque as soft deposits, pointing to a significant knowledge gap regarding periodontal issues. Alarmingly, 63.1% reported no plaque presence despite indicators of gum disease, such as bad breath and tooth mobility, affecting many. A strong positive attitude towards oral hygiene was noted, yet only 11.1% demonstrated high awareness, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions. Conclusion: The present study provides valuable insights into the knowledge of oral hygiene protocols and periodontal health among orthodontic patients in Saudi Arabia. While the findings indicate a proactive approach to maintaining oral hygiene, significant gaps in knowledge and awareness persist.
Hussain Y.A. Marghalani, Maryiam Lary, Lulu Munshi, Ghalia Sabir, Abdulmajeed Alqazlan, Rahaf Alharbi, Faris Alqazlan, Lujain Sharqawi, Yara Kazkaz, Fatima Alziyad, Khamis T. Alzahrani
FEATURES OF HEMODYNAMIC INDICATORS OF CEREBRAL VESSELS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Abstract: The work is based on the results of a study of 97 CKD patients with neurological disorders of varying severity. It was revealed that in comparison with patients with stage C2, with C3a there was a tendency to a decrease in systolic blood flow velocity and a significant decrease in diastolic blood flow velocity,as a result, there was a significant increase in RI and PI in the cerebral vessels (p <0.05), which indicated a direct connection between CKD and the development of neurological disorders, as a result of which the appearance of vascular encephalopathies was observed based on CKD.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC RESEARCH METHODS IN EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF WOMEN WITH ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA AND ADENOMYOSIS
We observed perimenopausal women with endometrial hyperplasia, in whom embryotropic antibodies in blood serum were determined by the ELIP test in order to assess the body's immunoreactivity. The revealed shifts in immunoreactivity are evidence of the readiness of trigger mechanisms in the implementation of newly formed GE. Probably, the solution to the issues of preventing the recurrence of GE lies in both the correction of the state of the immune system, taking into account the reactivity, and the endocrine-metabolic adaptive-homeostatic reactions in the female body mediated by it.
Z.Z.Askarova, N.A. Faizullaeva, A.O. Rakhimova
KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS LEVEL OF DIABETES MELLITUS DISEASE RISK FACTORS AMONG NON-DIABETIC PEOPLE IN KSA
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) affecting the world, regardless of geography, nationality, race, ethnic background, or gender It is one of the chronic metabolic disorders associated with a variety of complications and death, and its prevalence has been increasing not only in Saudi Arabia but also globally. Objective: Our study aimed to assess patient awareness and knowledge level of DM disease risk factors among non-diabetic people in KSA Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia between July – December 2024. The study population comprised adult individuals over the age of 18 residing in Saudi Arabia. Participants recruited in July 2024 through the distribution of an online questionnaire. Using the Rao soft sample size calculator, the sample size was determined using the following formulas: (the response distribution was estimated to be 20%, the margin of error was 5%, and the confidence level was 95%) the minimum 384. A structured questionnaire has been used as a research tool which was based on previous research. Results: In this study assessing knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus risk factors among 443 non-diabetic individuals in Saudi Arabia, findings reveal critical gaps in education and awareness. Despite a high recognition of diabetes and its definitions, only 71.3% had received relevant health education. Alarmingly, 41.5% demonstrated low knowledge levels regarding risk factors, while only 33.2% showed high awareness. Participants acknowledged obesity (88.5%) and genetic predisposition (83.1%) as significant risk factors, yet many were unaware of symptoms like extreme hunger (46.7%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings from our study highlight a significant gap in knowledge and awareness regarding diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among the non-diabetic population in Saudi Arabia. While awareness of diabetes is high, the lack of comprehensive knowledge poses challenges for effective disease management and prevention.
Khalid Alghamdi, Lina Alwadie, Mousa Alahmari, Zahra Al Sadah, Bushra Alsyed, Suha Alalawi, Abdulrahman Atik, Abdulrahman Alghamdi, Reham Aljohani, Ammar A. Alshuaibi, Ather alsaiari, Khames T. Alzahrani
PRINCIPLES OF DISTINGUISHING WORD-SENTENCES AS A SEPARATE PART OF SPEECH IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
ANNOTATION In world linguistics, we observe that there are similarities and differences in the grammatical structure of different languages. These similarities and differences are formed as a result of the evolution, historical development and mutual cultural influence of languages. This article discusses the grammatical features and functions of words and phrases in languages ​​with different systems, as well as the issue of their separation as a separate word family or consideration as a syntactic category.
word, lexeme, semantic, morphological, syntactic, grammatical feature, lexical-grammatical.
Karimova Zulnura Gulamqodirovna, Kurbanova Muhabbat Matyakubovna
KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF DENTAL IMPLANT AND PROSTHESES FOR MISSING TEETH REPLACEMENT OF SAUDI POPULATION
Introduction: Having healthy teeth is essential for maintaining self- confidence. The state of a person's teeth has an important impact on their physical health. They have a strong connection, and oral health is largely dictated by an individual's socioeconomic status. Therefore, the stomatognathic system and the masticatory function are affected by tooth loss. Both the psychological distress and the general decrease in quality of life caused by tooth loss have a detrimental effect on morale. Objectives: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of people in Saudi Arabia regarding dental implants and prostheses for missing teeth replacement. Methodology: This cross-sectional study will be conducted between July 2024 to December 2024 in Saudi Arabia, based on structured questionnaire. The participants will include Saudi males and females aged 18 to 60 years old from all regions of Saudi Arabia. Excluded from the study are dental practitioners and people under 18 years old. After applying a formula based on prevalence estimation with a 95% confidence level and 5% acceptable error, the minimum target sample size of 348 was selected. Results: In a study involving 538 participants, findings indicated significant gaps in knowledge and awareness regarding dental implants and prostheses among the Saudi population. While 53.2% reported having lost permanent teeth, a concerning 57.8% demonstrated low knowledge levels about replacement options. Only 18.4% exhibited high awareness of dental implants, with 61.9% showing very low awareness. The study found that older participants (40 and above) and married individuals had notably higher knowledge levels (P=0.0001). Despite the overall lack of awareness, 93.5% expressed a desire for improved public education on dental health. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study underscore a critical need for enhanced public education regarding dental implants and prostheses in Saudi Arabia. While some demographic groups exhibit a better understanding of these treatment options, significant gaps remain, particularly among younger and single individual
Abdulrahman J. Alhaddad, Norah S. Alwaday, Seba A. Halloul, Mohannad A. Alghamdi, Abdulmalik S. Alsalem. Wael F. Alanazi, Abdulaziz N. Almutairi, Saad A. Almalki, Ibrahim M. Alfahdi, Lolwa W. Abulhamail, Khames T. Alzahrani
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF GUTTA-PERCHA DISINFECTION/DECONTAMINATION PRIOR TO OBTURATION AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS AND INTERNS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Background: Endodontic treatment success is based on eliminating germs and preventing their recurrence in the root canal. Gutta-percha cones have been sterilized using a wide range of chemical disinfectants. In routine chairside disinfection, NaOCI proved to be the most effective antimicrobial solution for removing E.faecalis. The aims of this study to assess the knowledge, attitude level regarding gutta-percha disinfection prior to obturation among dental students and interns in Saudi Arabia and to evaluate their behaviors about sterilization techniques for gutta-percha cones. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia. An online survey was distributed among dental students and interns in Saudi Arabia. The study included 384 participants, and the sample size was estimated by Raosoft. Inc. The survey questions were about the participants’ demographics, knowledge, and behaviors about sterilization techniques for gutta-percha. The collected data was exported to "Microsoft Office Excel Software". The statistical analysis was done through the (SPSS) Software. Results: The study enrolled 120 participants of whom 82.5% were females and 73.3% were in the age group 21-25. Regarding knowledge scores, only 19.2% of participants exhibited a high knowledge level, 24.2% at a medium level, and 56.7% at a low level. Regarding attitude scores, 10% of the sample exhibited a positive attitude, 40% displaying a neutral attitude, and 50% expressing a negative attitude. Conclusion: In conclusion, the assessment of knowledge and attitude level of gutta-percha disinfection/decontamination among dental students and interns in Saudi Arabia is an important step towards ensuring the highest standards of endodontic treatment in the country. As in our study most of participants seemed to exhibit low knowledge scores and negative attitude score.
Khames T. Alzahrani, Ayman Mandorah, Razan Alhashmi, Reama Alaofi, Rasha Almalki, Zaha’a Azhar, Reman Adel, Ohoud Alaidaroos, Atheer Almuaddi
THE AWARENESS AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPACT OF TONSILLECTOMY ON THE LEVEL OF IMMUNITY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AMONG THE ADULT POPULATION IN SAUDI ARABIA
Background: Among such widely practiced surgical interventions in children, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy are certainly performed most frequently, especially when done concomitantly, for recurrent throat infections and related states. Many studies have documented positive short-term consequences of tonsillectomy but there is little understanding of what happens to immune function, and whether those consequences may cause later development of autoimmune diseases in adulthood. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the awareness and perceptions of the adult population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with respect to the immune system related effect of tonsillectomy and the association to any autoimmune disease. Methods: This was carried out by way of a cross-section survey of a structured questionnaire countered by way of social media platforms from October 2023 to October 2024. It covered the Saudis aged 18 and older, and consisted of 730 adult Saudis. Participants’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs with regard to tonsillectomy’s effects on immunity and autoimmune disease were assessed using data collected. Results: This demographic analysis showed that 43.6 percent under age 24 and 68.8 percent female. Less direct experience had been with 19.2% who had tonsillectomy. A large proportion (47.7%) were uncertain about the effect of the surgery on respiratory infections, and 40.0% were uncertain about postoperative healthcare visits. Of note, 52.9 % of respondents thought that tonsillectomy is detrimental to the immune function, and 75.6 % did not know much of its concomitant impairment. Results were statistically significant (P=0.037) between knowledge levels at one month and educational attainment. Conclusion: This confirms that the public is vastly ignorant when it comes to understanding the long-lasting impacts of tonsillectomy on immunity and autoimmune diseases. The misinterpretation of risks and benefits of the procedure amongst most participants necessitates the use of targeted initiatives aimed at educating them and putting to rest their concerns. Informed decision-making regarding tonsillectomy is of paramount importance, which is made possible through enhanced public education, and will lead to better patient health outcomes and better quality of life.
Hosam A. Amoodi, Joud Shesha, Abeer Alanazi, Sultana Khan, Reuoof Alghamdi, Tif Alghamdi, Fadel Fadel, Manal Alharbi, Hissah Alaiban, Wasan Almohammadi, Khames T. Alzahrani
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS, INTERNS, AND DENTISTS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Introduction: Dentists frequently encounter patients with chronic illnesses who are often on long-term medications, including oral antithrombotic such as antiplatelets and anticoagulants. Oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications pose a challenge during dental procedures, as dentists must balance the increased bleeding risk discontinued. Traditionally, the practice has been to stop these medications before procedures involving bleeding. Objective: The main objective of this study was to measure the knowledge level among dental students and dental practitioners in the region of Saudi Arabia about patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy and dental considerations in the procedure of teeth extraction. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in Saudi Arabia during 2024-2025, evaluates dental students', interns', and dentists' knowledge of managing patients on anticoagulant therapy for surgical extractions under local anesthesia. Participants are recruited using a structured questionnaire and stratified sampling to ensure diverse representation. A sample size of 385 was calculated for accuracy. The survey includes 23 questions covering demographics, knowledge, and clinical practices. Responses are scored based on Bloom's taxonomy, with participants categorized into low, moderate, and high knowledge levels. Data is collected via Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS to determine awareness and adherence to management protocols. Results: The study assessed the knowledge and awareness of dental professionals regarding the management of patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy among 474 participants in Saudi Arabia. The findings revealed that while 78.3% of respondents had encountered patients on oral anticoagulants, only 19.6% reported daily consultations, indicating a gap in ongoing management. A significant 58.1% did not adhere to guidelines regarding aspirin abstinence before dental procedures, raising concerns about bleeding risks. Overall, 51.1% demonstrated moderate knowledge, with significant correlations found between knowledge and factors such as age, occupation, and duration of practice, highlighting a need for enhanced education in anticoagulant management. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight significant gaps in knowledge and awareness among dental students and practitioners regarding the management of patients on anticoagulant therapy. The results underscore the urgent need for enhanced educational frameworks within dental curricula to better prepare future practitioners for the complexities of managing anticoagulated patients.
Hisham Abbas Komo, Hussain Ali AlQahtani, Ghaida Mohammad Alhamad, Muhammed Farhan Alharbi, Balqees Yousef Alhadi, Hamad Ibrahim Alzaydan, Mohammed Osama Shabaan, Abdullah Sultan Alshami, Osamah Ahmed Shendi, Omar Fahad Alkhalifah Osama Abdulaziz Alqarni, Khames T. Alzahrani
KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ABOUT ACL TEAR AMONG NON-PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Background: The cruciate ligaments' main role is to stabilize the knee, and athletes as well as non-athletes are at high risk of rupture to these ligaments. The ligament in the front is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). It is one of the main static and functional stabilizing structures of the knee, the one most commonly injured, and its reconstruction is frequently performed. Objective: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and the knowledge and awareness of it among non-professional football players in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The present research was a cross-sectional assessment of data from a web-based questionnaire survey. The participants of the study are Non-professional athletes both male & female who are above 14 years old in all Saudi regions. The sample size was calculated using “Raosoft”, sample size calculator. Based on 5% margin of error, 95% confidence interval, the estimated sample size was 384 participants. Results: This study aimed to assess knowledge and awareness of ACL injuries among non-professional football players in Saudi Arabia, analyzing data from 496 participants. The findings revealed that 93.5% were aware of ACL injuries, yet only 10.7% felt very confident in preventing them. Knowledge gaps were evident, with just 55.2% correctly identifying knee instability as a symptom. Reliance on acquaintances (44.6%) and the internet (43.9%) as information sources was significant. Additionally, only 42.4% exhibited mild to high awareness of ACL-related concepts, highlighting a concerning lack of knowledge, particularly influenced by regional, employment, and educational factors. Conclusion: While the present study highlights a significant awareness of ACL injuries among non-professional football players in Saudi Arabia, it also underscores critical gaps in knowledge and understanding of prevention strategies.
Abdulmalik B Albaker, Abdulrahman Ali Bakhayer, Eyad Khalid Abualwah, Abdullah Majed Alhudaithi, Fahad Abdullah Alsaeedi, Omar Tareq Khawaji, Ziyad Mohammed Alqurayqiri, Ahmed Tawfiq Alasmi, Abdulrahman Fahad Alqurayqiri, Khames T. Alzahrani
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE ROLE OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY IN PATIENT TREATMENT AMONG SAUDI MEDICAL STUDENTS
Introduction: interventional radiology (IR) is a rapidly growing field in Western nations, even though it is relatively new to these regions. IR utilizes imaging modalities to guide minimally invasive procedures for treating patients. Several studies have been conducted across different provinces of Saudi Arabia, including Riyadh, Makkah, Hail, Tabuk, Arar, and others. These studies aim to assess and analyze the knowledge levels and perceptions of Saudi medical students regarding the role of interventional radiology (IR) in patient treatment. Objective: The study aimed to assess the knowledge levels and perceptions of Saudi medical students regarding the role of interventional radiology (IR) in patient treatment Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted between July 2024- December 2024 in Saudi Arabia. The study plans to recruit participants through social media platforms like Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Facebook. The inclusion criteria are medical students aged 19 years old or above, both males and females, from all provinces of Saudi Arabia, who agree to participate and complete questionnaires. Exclusion criteria are non-medical students under the age of 19 years old and non-Saudi medical students. The minimum target sample size of 384 was calculated using a formula based on prevalence estimation, 95% confidence level, and 5% acceptable error. Results: The study assessed knowledge and perceptions of interventional radiology (IR) among 874 Saudi medical students. Final results revealed that while 64.4% of participants were female, a significant knowledge gap existed regarding IR, with only 11.8% demonstrating high awareness of its techniques. Notably, 52.0% cited insufficient knowledge as a barrier to pursuing a career in IR. Despite 45.2% recognizing the need for residency training in radiology and surgery, 76.3% incorrectly believed IR does not treat minor illnesses. Preferred learning methods included ward rounds (16.7%) and electives in IR (38.6%), highlighting a need for enhanced educational engagement to improve understanding of this specialty. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore a critical need for enhanced educational strategies and increased exposure to interventional radiology among medical students in Saudi Arabia.
Waleed F Alkhaldi, Shahad Fouad Alyousif, Faye Faisal Afandy, Ahmed Hassan Al-wadani, Elham Taha Abdulmohsen, Reem Mohammed Alghamdi, Huda Yousef Alhashem, Hatim Faisal Alsaedi, Rimas Saeed Alghamdi, Shatha Shabab Alghamdi, Khames T. Alzahrani
SAUDI ADULT’S KNOWLEDGE OF PEDIATRIC DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
Observing and recognizing early developmental milestones for potential delays or concerns is crucial for timely and appropriate interventions. Many studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate parental knowledge of developmental milestones, but none have investigated the general population’s knowledge of developmental milestones. We aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge levels of the adult population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regarding developmental milestones. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December 2024, using a structured questionnaire to evaluate adult’s knowledge of developmental milestones. We found a strong recognition of gross motor skills in older children, but significant uncertainty regarding infant milestones. There was a decline in the knowledge of speech/language development of older children. Most participants identified key developmental traits for older children, and many relied on informal sources, such as family and friends, for information. Collectively, 31% of the participants demonstrated a high level of knowledge. We revealed significant gaps in awareness and knowledge of developmental milestones among the adult population in Saudi Arabia. Given the importance of early recognition of developmental delays for timely intervention, there is a clear need for targeted educational initiatives to enhance awareness and understanding of developmental milestones among adults.
Faisal O. AlQurashi , Renad A. AlSayari , Genan A. AlMajed , Sarah M. Bubshait , Reem A. Alateeq , Ghaida A. Assiry , Mohammad G. Alharbi , Faisal M. Alharthi, Abdullah S. Alsaedi , Wajd A. Alasmari , Khames T. Alzahrani
RESIN-BONDED BRIDGES KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE ASSESSMENT AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Introduction: Rochette introduced resin-bonded bridges as perforated metal periodontal splint in the 1970s. Since then, various conservative techniques for RBBs have been developed as alternatives to traditional bridges for tooth replacement. The primary benefit is their minimally invasive tooth preparation, which is particularly advantageous for patients with severe periodontal disease. Other benefits include minimal soft tissue interaction, low risk of catastrophic failure and abutment loss, treatment reversibility when used for provisional restorations, and preservation of pulp vitality. RBBs are made from zirconia and other ceramics. Objectives: This study aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of resin-bonded bridges in Clinical Practice among dental practitioners in KSA. Methodology: This cross-sectional study based on a structured questionnaire was conducted in Saudi Arabia from July to December 2024 and included dental students, interns, general practitioners and dental specialists. The study involved a sample size of 400 participants to account for potential non-responses, exceeding the required 350 for statistical analysis. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions divided into four main sections: brief descriptions of our study and consent questions, sociodemographic questions, knowledge questions about RBBs, and questions on RBB attitude and practice. Results: The study included a total of 1016 participants. Only 1.4% of participants demonstrated a high level of knowledge about RBBs, while the majority (83.7%) exhibited low knowledge. While 38.2% exhibited a low level of positive attitude and practice toward RBBs, just 25.2% demonstrating high levels. While 62.6% feel confident offering RBBs, a notable 37.4% express concerns over their education, with only 1.4% demonstrating high knowledge levels. The study highlights that 66.3% consider RBBs for replacing single missing teeth, yet only 57.5% have implemented them. Awareness of RBB utility is strong, but inadequate training (59.6%). Conclusion: This study's findings reemphasize the need for such additional educational efforts to enhance dental practitioners' knowledge and feeling of confidence regarding resin bonded bridges in Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman J. Alhaddad, Atheer N Al muaddi, Abdulrahman N Al Mubarak, Yara A Alrumaih, Maram M Alkhodair, Rakan R Aljehni, Mubarak k Al Shahrani, Shahad A Hadi, Khalid A Alqarni, Samar H. Abuzinadah, Khames T. Alzahrani
KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS LEVEL OF OSTEOPOROSIS RISK FACTORS AMONG SAUDI WOMEN
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a progressive disorder of the skeletal system marked by a reduction in bone density and a deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone structure. It is considered the tenth most prevalent disease in the world, and it is more frequent in women aged 50–80 than in men. Many Recent cross-sectional surveys aimed to assess women's general awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis and its prevention. Objectives: The Study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis among Saudi women. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional research Conducted from July to December 2024. Data for this research collected by using the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessments Tool (OKAT). The women who included to take part in the research are Saudi women, who are at least 18 years old, but not more than 65. We exclude men as well as women who work or study in healthcare-related jobs. Using the Qualtrics calculator with a 95% confidence level, and 5% margin of error, the minimal number of samples is 384. Results: In our study on the knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis risk factors among Saudi women, we surveyed 433 participants, revealing alarming gaps in understanding. Only 1.8% demonstrated high awareness, with 62.4% exhibiting low knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors, despite 95.6% acknowledging its link to fractures. Notably, while 43.9% recognized hormone therapy's potential benefits, 47.6% were uncertain. Significant relations were found between knowledge and variables like age, employment status, and information sources. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore a critical need for enhanced educational initiatives aimed at increasing knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis risk factors among Saudi women. Despite a high level of education within the participant group, the low awareness scores indicate that educational attainment alone is insufficient to ensure understanding of health issues.
Abdulmalik B Albaker, Norah Tariq Abaalkhayl, Reem Fahad Hawkash, Shaima Ali Alshalan, Sami Al-Humaidi Al-Mutairi, Meshal Khalid AlGhamdi, Abdullah Fahhad Alfadel, Abdullah Mohammed Al-Harbi, Rand Saeed AlQahtani, Khames T. Alzahrani.
AWARENESS LEVEL TOWARD MANAGEMENT OF HYPOGLYCEMIA AMONG TEACHERS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Introduction : Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is predominant in Saudi Arabia. Over 2500 children aged 0-14 are diagnosed with DM1 yearly. And one of the acute complications of the disease is hypoglycemia. It occurs when blood glucose level falls below 3.9 mmol/L. The early symptoms of hypoglycemia are headache, palpitation, pallor, hunger, and sweating. When the late signs will appear as decrease in level of consciousness and seizures. Hypoglycemia is a common and serious condition that might be fatal if not treated properly. Teachers must be aware of the correct management in dealing with hypoglycemic episode in diseased students, to prevent any further complications of the attack. Objective: This study aims to determine the knowledge, awareness and attitude regarding hypoglycemia management among Saudi schoolteachers. Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia among schoolteachers. The calculated minimum sample size with 95% level of confidence is 384 teachers. Data collected using an electronic self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The study examined the awareness level of teachers in Saudi Arabia regarding the management of hypoglycemia, involving 397 participants. The demographic analysis revealed a predominantly female cohort (65.2%) with an average age of 44.9 years. Notably, 99.3% of teachers recognized the importance of understanding hypoglycemia symptoms, and 97.5% supported training in blood glucose meter use. Despite a high participation rate (83.9%), significant knowledge gaps were identified, with 65% of participants categorized as low in hypoglycemia communication skills. Engagement was notably influenced by factors such as having a diabetic child and gender, indicating areas for targeted educational interventions. Conclusion: In conclusion, while our study indicates a commendable level of awareness and participation among Saudi teachers regarding hypoglycemia management, significant gaps in knowledge and practice remain.
Khalid Abdullah Alghamdi, Razan Abdulrahman Alghamdi, Sadeem Ali Alamri, Faisal Kamal Alzahrani, Joud Mohammed Mahmoud, Esraa Abdullah Alghamdi, Manar Saeed Alghamdi, Hadeel Hadi AlHadiyyah, Faisal H. Aljuaid, Khames T. Alzahrani
IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODERN APPROACH TO THE USE OF THE GAME METHOD IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
Annotation . The study describes the experience of organizing and implementing a modern approach to the use of the game method in physical education lessons in elementary school. The purpose of this article is to determine the effectiveness of the modern approach in using the game and problem method in physical education lessons for elementary school students. The use of the game method in the form of modern approaches, such as the use of game and problematic tasks, is justified. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the creation of a consolidated classification of outdoor games, including the development of the content of the game and the problematic nature of the tasks of the subject "Physical culture", aimed at improving the physical qualities of younger schoolchildren.
outdoor games, elementary school, students, game method, game tasks, modern approach to learning, physical education lesson
Babayev Alisher Odilovich, Saribaev Shukhrat Turdibekovich, Bolbekov Abdukholik Syundikovich, Kakhor Karimovich Gallaev