A STUDY OF THE ARRIVAL, EXTINCTION AND REVIVAL OF THE BUDDHA DHAMMA IN TAMIL NADU

Abstract

Abstract: The study examines the historical trajectory of Buddhism in Tamil Nadu, focusing on its arrival, decline, and contemporary revival. Buddhism first arrived in the region around the 3rd century BCE, facilitated by trade and cultural exchanges, leaving lasting imprints on art, architecture, and literature. Key sites like Kanchipuram emerged as centers of Buddhist learning, supported notably by the Pallava dynasty's patronage from the 3rd to 9th centuries CE. However, Buddhism gradually declined from the 7th century CE onwards due to various factors. The rise of Hindu Bhakti movements, shifts in royal patronage favoring Hinduism, internal doctrinal conflicts within Buddhism, competition with Jainism, and economic shifts all contributed to its diminished influence. This decline saw Buddhism assimilated into Hindu practices and rituals, blurring religious boundaries. The revival of Buddhism in recent decades has been catalysed by socio-political movements advocating for social justice and equality, notably championed by figures like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Governmental support for the preservation of Buddhist heritage sites and the resurgence of Buddhist art and literature have further bolstered its resurgence. Global influences and the contemporary appeal of Buddhist principles such as mindfulness and ethical living have also contributed to its renewed relevance in Tamil Nadu.